A treaty of peace between the United States of America, and the tribes of Indians called the Wyandots,Delawares, Shawanees, Ottawas, Chippewas, Pattawatimas, Miamis, Eel Rivers, Weas, Kickapoos, Piankeshaws, and Kaskaskias.
To put an end to a destructive war, to settle all
controversies, and to restore harmony and friendly
intercourse between the said United States and Indian
tribes, Anthony Wayne, major general commanding the army of
the United States, and sole commissioner for the good
purposes above mentioned, and the said tribesof Indians, by
their sachems, chiefs, and warriors, met together at
Greenville, the head quarters of the said army, have agreed
on the following articles,which, when ratified by the
President, with the advice and consent of the Senate of the
United States, shall be binding on them and the said Indian
tribes.Art. 1: Henceforth all hostilities shall cease; peace
is hereby established, and shall be perpetual; and a
friendly intercourse shall take place between the said
United States and Indian tribes. Art. 2: All prisoners
shall, on both sides, be restored. The Indians, prisoners
to the United States, shall be immediately set at liberty.
The people of the United States, still remaining prisoners
among the Indians, shall be delivered up in ninety days from
the date hereof, to the general or commanding officer at
Greenville, fort Wayne, or fort Defiance; and ten chiefs of
the said tribes shall remain at Greenville as hostages,
until the delivery of the prisoners shall
be effected. Art. 3: The general boundary line between the
lands of the United States and the lands of the saidIndian
tribes, shall begin at the mouth of Cayahoga river, and run
thence up the same to the portage, between that and the
Tuscarawas branch of theMuskingum, thence down that branch
to the crossing place above fort Lawrence, thence westerly
to a fork of that branch of the Great Miami river, running
intothe Ohio, at or near which fork stood Loromie’s store,
and where commences the portage between the Miami of the
Ohio, and St. Mary’s river, which is a branch ofthe Miami
which runs into lake Erie; thence a westerlycourse to fort
Recovery, which stands on a branch of the Wabash; thence
southwesterly in a direct line to the Ohio, so as to
intersect that river opposite themouth of Kentucke or
Cuttawa river. And inconsideration of the peace now
established; of the goods formerly received from the United
States; of those now to be delivered; and of the yearly
delivery
of goods now stipulated to be made hereafter; and to
indemnify the United States for the injuries and expenses
they have sustained during the war, the said Indian tribes
do hereby cede and relinquish forever, all their claims to
the lands lying eastwardly and southwardly of the general
boundary line now described: and these lands, or any part of
them, shall never hereafter be made a cause or pretence, on
the part of the said tribes, or any of them, of war or
injury to the United States, or any of the people thereof.
And for the same considerations, and as an evidence of the
returning friendship of the said Indian tribes, of their
confidence in the United States, and desire to provide for
their accommodations, and for that convenient intercourse
which will be beneficial toboth parties, the said Indian
tribes do also cede to the United States the following
pieces of land, to wit: 1) One piece of land six miles
square, at or nearLoromie’s store, before mentioned. 2) One
piece twomiles square, at the head of the navigable water or
landing, on the St. Mary’s river, near Girty’s town. 3) One
piece six miles square, at the head of thenavigable water of
the Auglaize river. 4) One piecesix miles square, at the
confluence of the Auglaize and Miami rivers, where fort
Defiance now stands. 5) One piece six miles square, at or
near the confluence of the rivers St. Mary’s and St.
Joseph’s, where fort Wayne now stands, or near it. 6) One
piecetwo miles square, on the Wabash river, at the end of
the portage from the Miami of the lake, and about eight
miles westward from fort Wayne. 7) One piecesix miles
square, at the Ouatanon, or Old Wea towns, on the Wabash
river. 8) One piece twelve miles square, at the British
fort on the Miami of the lake, at the foot of the rapids.
9) One piece six miles square, atthe mouth of the said
river, where it empties into thelake. 10) One piece six
miles square, upon Sandusky lake, where a fort formerly
stood. 11) One piece twomiles square, at the lower rapids
of Sandusky river. 12) The post of Detroit, and all the land
to the north, the west and the south of it, of which the
Indian title has been extinguished by gifts or grantsto the
French or English governments: and so much moreland to be
annexed to the district of Detroit, as shall be comprehended
between the river Rosine, on thesouth, lake St. Clair on the
north, and a line, the general course whereof shall be six
miles distant fromthe west end of lake Erie and Detroit
river. 13) Thepost of Michilimackinac, and all the land on
the islandon which that post stands, and the main land
adjacent, of which the Indian title has been extinguished by
gifts or grants to the Frewnch or English governments; and a
piece of land on the main to the north of the island, to
measure six miles, on lake Huron, or the strait between
lakes Huron and Michigan, and to extend
three miles back from the water of the lake or strait; and
also, the Island De Bois Blane, being an extra and voluntary
gift of the Chippewa nation. 14) One piece of land six
miles square, at the mouth of Chikagoriver, emptying into
the southwest end of lakeMichigan, where a fort formerly
stood. 15) One piece twelve miles square, at or near the
mouth of the Illinois river, emptying into the Mississippi.
16) One piece six miles square, at the old Piorias fort and
village near the south end of the Illinois lake, on said
Illinois river. And whenever the United States shall think
proper to survey and mark the boundaries of the lands
hereby ceded to them, they shall give timely notice thereof
to the said tribes of Indians, that they may appoint some of
their wise chiefs to attend and see that the lines are run
according to the terms of this treaty. And the said Indian
tribes will allow to the people of the United States a free
passage by land and by water, as one and the other shall be
found convenient, through their country, along the chain of
posts hereinbefore mentioned; that is to say, from the
commencement of the portage aforesaid, at or near Loromie’s
store, thence along said portage to the St. Mary’s, and down
the same to fort Wayne, and then down the Miami, to lake
Erie; again, from the commencement of the portage at or near
Loromie’s store along the portage from thence to the river
Auglaize, and down thesame to its junction with the Miami at
fort Defiance; again, from the commencement of the portage
aforesaid, to Sandusky river, and down the same to Sandusky
bay and lake Erie, and from Sandusky to the post which
shall be taken at or near the foot of the Rapids of the
Miami of the lake; and from thence to Detroit. Again, from
the mouth of Chikago, to the commencement of the portage,
between that river and the Illinois, and down the Illinois
river to the Mississippi; also, from fort Wayne, along the
portage aforesaid, which leads to the Wabash, and then down
the Wabash to the Ohio. And the said Indian tribes will
also allow to the people of the United States, the free use
of the harbors and mouths of rivers along the lakes
adjoining the Indian lands, for sheltering vessels and
boats, and liberty to land their cargoes where necessary for
their safety.
Art. 4: In consideration of the peace now established, and
of the cessions and relinquishment. of lands made in the
preceding article by the said tribes of Indians, and to
manifest the liberality of the United States, as the great
means of rendering this peace strong and perpetual, the
United States relinquish their claims to all other Indian
lands northward of the river Ohio, eastward of the
Mississippi, and westward and southward of the Great Lakes
and the waters, uniting them, according to the boundary line
agreed on by the United States and the King of Great
Britain, in the treaty of peace made between them in the
year 1783. But from this relinquishment by the United
States, the following tracts of land are explicitly
excepted:
1st. The tract on one hundred and fifty thousand acres near
the rapids of the river Ohio, which has been assigned to
General Clark, for the use of himself and his warriors.
2nd. The post of St. Vincennes, on the River Wabash, and
the lands adjacent, of which the Indian title has been
extinguished.
3rd. The lands at all other places in possession of the
French people and other white settlers among them, of which
the Indian title has been extinguished as mentioned in the
3d article; and
4th. The post of fort Massac towards the mouth of the Ohio.
To which several parcels of land so excepted, the said
tribes relinquish all the title and claim which they or any
of them may have.
And for the same considerations and with the same views as
above mentioned, the United States now deliver to the said
Indian tribes a quantity of goods to the value of twenty
thousand dollars, the receipt whereof they do hereby
acknowledge; and henceforward every year, forever, the
United States will deliver, at some convenient place
northward of the river Ohio, like useful goods, suited to
the circumstances of the Indians, of the value of nine
thousand five hundred dollars; reckoning that value at the
first cost of the goods in the city or place in the United
States where they shall be procured. The tribes to which
those goods are to be annually delivered, and the
proportions in which they are to be delivered, are the
following:
1st. To the Wyandots, the amount of one thousand
dollars.
2nd. To the Delawares, the amount of one thousand
dollars.
3rd. To the Shawanees, the amount of one thousand
dollars.
4th. To the Miamis, the amount of one thousand
dollars.
5th. To the Ottawas, the amount of one thousand
dollars.
6th. To the Chippewas, the amount of one thousand
dollars.
7th. To the Pattawatimas, the amount of one
thousand dollars, and
8th. To the Kickapoo, Wea, Eel River, Piankeshaw,
and Kaskaskia tribes, the amount of five hundred
dollars each.
Provided, that if either of the said tribes shall
hereafter, at an annual delivery of their share of the goods
aforesaid, desire that a part of their annuity should be
furnished in domestic animals, implements of husbandry, and
other utensils convenient for them, and in compensation to
useful artificers who may reside with or near them, and be
employed for their benefit, the same shall, at the
subsequent annual deliveries, be furnished accordingly.
Art. 5: To prevent any misunderstanding about the Indian
lands relinquished by the United States in the fourth
article, it is now explicitly declared, that the meaning of
that relinquishment is this: the Indian tribes who have a
right to those lands, are quietly to enjoy them, hunting,
planting, and dwelling thereon, so long as they please,
without any molestation from the United States; but when
those tribes, or any of them, shall be disposed to sell
their lands, or any part of them, they are to be sold only
to the United States; and until such sale, the United States
will protect all the said Indian tribes in the quiet
enjoyment of their lands against all citizens of the United
States, and against all other white persons who intrude upon
the same. And the said Indian tribes again acknowledge
themselves to be under the protection of the said United
States, and no other power whatever.
Art. 6: If any citizen of the United States, or any other
white person or persons, shall presume to settle upon the
lands now relinquished by the United States, such citizen or
other person shall be out of the protection of the United
States; and the Indian tribe, on whose land the settlement
shall be made, may drive off the settler, or punish him in
such manner as they shall think fit; and because such
settlements, made without the consent of the United States,
will be injurious to them as well as to the Indians, the
United States shall be at liberty to break them up, and
remove and punish the settlers as they shall think proper,
and so effect that protection of the Indian lands herein
before stipulated.
Art. 7: The said tribes of Indians, parties to this
treaty, shall be at liberty to hunt within the territory and
lands which they have now ceded to the United States,
without hindrance or molestation, so long as they demean
themselves peaceably, and offer no injury to the people of
the United States.
Art. 8: Trade shall be opened with the said Indian tribes;
and they do hereby respectively engage to afford protection
to such persons, with their property, as shall be duly
licensed to reside among them for the purpose of trade; and
to their agents and servants; but no person shall be
permitted to reside among them for the purpose of trade; and
to their agents and servants; but no person shall be
permitted to reside at any of their towns or hunting camps,
as a trader, who is not furnished with a license for that
purpose, under the hand and seal of the superintendent of
the department northwest of the Ohio, or such other person
as the President of the United States shall authorize to
grant such licenses; to the end, that the said Indians may
not be imposed on in their trade.* And if any licensed
trader shall abuse his privilege by unfair dealing, upon
complaint and proof thereof, his license shall be taken from
him, and he shall be further punished according to the laws
of the United States.
And if any person shall intrude himself as a trader,
without such license, the said Indians shall take and bring
him before the superintendent, or his deputy, to be dealt
with according to law. And to prevent impositions by
forged licenses, the said Indians shall, at lease once a
year, give information to the superintendent, or his
deputies, on the names of the traders residing among them.
Art. 9: Lest the firm peace and friendship now established,
should be interrupted by the misconductof individuals, the
United States, and the said Indiantribes agree, that for
injuries done by individuals oneither side, no private
revenge or retaliation shall take place; but instead
thereof, complaint shall be made by the party injured, to
the other: by the said Indian tribes or any of them, to the
President of theUnited States, or the superintendent by him
appointed; and by the superintendent or other person
appointed bythe President, to the principal chiefs of the
said Indian tribes, or of the tribe to which the
offenderbelongs; and such prudent measures shall then be
taken as shall be necessary to preserve the said peace and
friendship unbroken, until the legislature (or great
council) of the United States, shall makeother equitable
provision in the case, to thesatisfaction of both parties.
Should any Indian tribesmeditate a war against the United
States, or either ofthem, and the same shall come to the
knowledge of thebefore mentioned tribes, or either of them,
they dohereby engage to give immediate notice thereof to the
general, or officer commanding the troops of theUnited
States, at the nearest post.
*See, in relation to this licensed trade, the “first
explanatory article” of the treaty of amity, commerce, and
navigation, between the United States and Great Britain, of
the 19th of November, 1974.
And should any tribe, with hostile intentions againstthe
United States, or either of them, attempt to passthrough
their country, they will endeavor to preventthe same, and in
like manner give information of such attempt, to the
general, or officer commanding, as soon as possible, that
all causes of mistrust and suspicion may be avoided between
them and the United States. In like manner, the United
States shall give notice to the said Indian tribes of any
harm that maybe meditated against them, or either of them,
that shall come to their knowledge; and do all in their
power to hinder and prevent the same, that the friendship
between them may be uninterrupted. Art. 10: All other
treaties heretofore made between the United States, and the
said Indian tribes, or any of them, since the treaty of
1783, between theUnited States and Great Britain, that come
within the purview of this treaty, shall henceforth cease
and become void.
In testimony whereof, the said Anthony Wayne, and the
sachems and war chiefs of the before mentioned nations and
tribes of Indians, have hereunto set their hands and affixed
their seals.
Done at Greenville, in the territory of the United States
northwest of the river Ohio, on the third day of August, one
thousand seven hundred and ninety five.
WYANDOTS.
Tarhe, or Crane, his x mark L.S.
J. Williams, jun. his x mark, L.S.
Teyyaghtaw, his x mark, L.S.
Haroenyou, or half king’s son, his x mark, L.S.
Tehaawtorens, his x mark, L.S.
Awmeyeeray, his x mark, L.S.
Stayetah, his x mark L.S.
Shateyyaronyah, or Leather Lips, his x mark, L.S.
Daughshuttayah, his x mark L.S.
Shaawrunthe, his x mark L.S.
DELAWARES.
Tetabokshke, or Grand Glaize King, his x mark, L.S.
Lemantanquis, or Black King, his x mark, L.S.
Wabatthoe, his x mark, L.S.
Maghpiway, or Red Feather, his x mark, L.S.
Kikthawenund, or Anderson, his x mark, L.S.
Bukongehelas, his x mark, L.S.
Peekeelund, his x mark, L.S.
Wellebawkeelund, his x mark, L.S.
Peekeetelemund, or Thomas Adams, his x mark, L.S.
Kishkopekund, or Captain Buffalo, his x mark, L.S.
Amenahehan, or Captain Crow, his x mark, L.S.
Queshawksey, or George Washington, his x mark, L.S.
Weywinquis, or Billy Siscomb, his x mark, L.S.
Moses, his x mark, L.S.
SHAWANEES.
Misquacoonacaw, or Red Pole, his x mark, L.S.
Cutthewekasaw, or Black Hoof, his x mark, L.S.
Kaysewaesekah, his x mark, L.S.
Weythapamattha, his x mark, L.S.
Nianysmeka, his x mark, L.S.
Waytheah, or Long Shanks, his x mark, L.S.
Weyapiersenwaw, or Blue Jacket, his x mark, L.S.
Nequetaughaw, his x mark, L.S.
Hahgoosekaw, or Captain Reed, his x mark, L.S.
OTTAWAS.
Augooshaway, his x mark, L.S.
Keenoshameek, his x mark, L.S.
La Malice, his x mark, L.S.
Machiwetah, his x mark, L.S.
Thowonawa, his x mark, L.S.
Secaw, his x mark, L.S.
CHIPPEWAS.
Mashipinashiwish, or Bad Bird, his x mark, L.S.
Nahshogashe, (from Lake Superior), his x mark, L.S.
Kathawasung, his x mark, L.S.
Masass, his x mark, L.S.
Nemekass, or Little Thunder, his x mark, L.S.
Peshawkay, or Young Ox, his x mark, L.S.
Nanguey, his x mark, L.S.
Meenedohgeesogh, his x mark, L.S.
Peewanshemenogh, his x mark, L.S.
Weymegwas, his x mark, L.S.
Gobmaatick, his x mark, L.S.
OTTAWA.
Chegonickska, an Ottawa from Sandusky,
his x mark, L.S.
PATTAWATIMAS OF THE RIVER ST. JOSEPH.
Thupenebu, his x mark, L.S.
Nawac, for himself and brother Etsimethe,
his x mark, L.S.
Nenanseka, his x mark, L.S.
Keesass, or Run, his x mark, L.S.
Kabamasaw, for himself and brother Chisaugan,
his x mark, L.S.
Sugganunk, his x mark, L.S.
Wapmeme, or White Pigeon, his x mark, L.S.
Wacheness, for himself and brother Pedagoshok,
his x mark, L.S.
Wabshicawnaw, his x mark, L.S.
La Chasse, his x mark, L.S.
Meshegethenogh, for himself and brother,
Wawasek, his x mark, L.S.
Hingoswash, his x mark, L.S.
Anewasaw, his x mark, L.S.
Nawbudgh, his x mark, L.S.
Missenogomaw, his x mark, L.S.
Waweegshe, his x mark, L.S.
Thawme, or Le Blanc, his x mark, L.S.
Geeque, for himself and brother Shewinse,
his x mark, L.S.
PATTAWATIMAS OF HURON.
Okia, his x mark, L.S.
Chamung, his x mark, L.S.
Segagewan, his x mark, L.S.
Nanawme, for himself and brother A. Gin,
his x mark, L.S.
Marchand, his x mark, L.S.
Wenameac, his x mark, L.S.
MIAMIS.
Nagohquangogh, or Le Gris, his x mark, L.S.
Meshekunnoghquoh, or Little Turtle, his x mark, L.S.
MIAMIS AND EEL RIVERS.
Peejeewa, or Richard Ville, his x mark, L.S.
Cochkepoghtogh, his x mark, L.S.
EEL RIVER TRIBE.
Shamekunnesa, or Soldier, his x mark, L.S.
MIAMIS.
Wapamangwa, or the White Loon, his x mark, L.S.
WEAS, FOR THEMSELVES AND THE PIANKESHAWS.
Amacunsa, or Little Beaver, his x mark, L.S.
Acoolatha, or Little Fox, his x mark, L.S.
Francis, his x mark, L.S.
KICKAPOOS AND KASKASKIAS.
Keeawhah, his x mark, L.S.
Nemighka, or Josey Renard, his x mark, L.S.
Paikeekanogh, his x mark, L.S.
DELAWARES OF SANDUSKY.
Hawkinpumiska, his x mark, L.S.
Peyamawksey, his x mark, L.S.
Reyntueco, (of the Six Nations, living at
Sandusky), his x mark, L.S.
H. De Butts, first A.D.C. and Sec’ry to Major Gen.
Wayne,
Wm. H. Harrison, Aid de Camp to Major Gen. Wayne,
T. Lewis, Aid de Camp to Major Gen. Wayne,
James O’Hara, Quartermaster Gen’l.
John Mills, Major of Infantry, and Adj. Gen’l.
Caleb Swan, P.M.T.U.S.
Gen. Demter, Lieut. Artillery,
Vigo,
P. Frs. La Fontaine,
Ast. Lasselle,
H. Lasselle,
Js. Beau Bien,
David Jones, Chaplain U.S.S.
Lewis Beaufait,
R. Lachambre,
Jas. Pepen,
Baties Coutien,
P. Navarre.
Sworn interpreters.
Wm. Wells,
Jacques Lasselle,
M. Morins,
Bt. Sans Crainte,
Christopher Miller,
Robert Wilson,
Abraham Williams, his x mark
Isaac Zane, his x mark